Words
Cyrano和Roxane各自声称过一次I love words that's all. I love words是实话。That's all是他们各自相信的但最终也许被证明不是事实。
Roxane试图通过语言来选择人,可能一部分也是出于她对外表评判的反抗,这是Playhouse改编版本对原作的扩展了。原作她挑文字,也实在是她不想当被人轻易猎取的奖品,除了在追求过程中拼命刁难人她也没别的筹码了。
语言对于Cyrano而言,除了天赋才华及其带给他的骄傲和受人尊敬以外,还具有另外一些意义:表达的自由及其引申的真实和独立;存在的意义和价值;孤独。自由在台词中十分明显,也在终场诗的第二段提及,可见表达自由与精神独立对他的意义。存在的价值稍不那么明显,主要体现在代写信的相关部分,因为信使他存在。将1950电影和playhouse话剧一同看待的话,1950电影在Chrisitian死后Cyrano说:我要为两个死亡复仇;话剧里Cyrano最后恳求请不要那样对那封信,两种大概都算是信里活着一个Cyrano,那一个Cyrano是真诚自由毫无顾忌的。那一个毫无顾忌的Cyrano确实随着Christian一同死去了,而他的存在的唯一物证就是信。话剧Cyrano最终说:为什么我的生命尝起来还是如同灰烬,这大约也是印证他独白里,我在燃烧——但是因为不被看见最终还是徒劳。孤独在话剧版本里比其他都更为突出——剧本里当时正是韵文风靡,Cyrano并不是独自在喜爱文字,而他的文字在群众之间是有名声的。但话剧里尤其前三幕时时掺杂着对于外表的言论,并提到诗人也会被因外表而评价,这对Cyrano本身又是一个孤独的来源——文才甚至也不能让他融入——这似乎额外促使这一位Cyrano通过英勇好斗来博取社会的认同。更为明显的是学写诗课的人的无知(而de Guiche甚至提到some of these poets outrank you),以及他会因为在战地读书写信而被战友善意地嘲笑,应当可以说,话剧版Cyrano所处的社会环境,比传统剧本更加不利于他,也使他更加孤独,推他走向更极限的选择。然而无论社会对语言的重视程度如何,语言,以及他的好斗,依然是Cyrano用以获得社会认可和尊敬的唯一途径。 当然了,语言对Cyrano自己确实也有着拯救的意味吧,就像他说I have to carry on writing, 文字给他带来的力量使他生存下去,而他的体验在他的孤独处境里,无法直说于是变成信和剧本和幻想故事——这也是所有写东西的人都难免感受过的体验吧比如我现在(喂)。
提一点关于文本本身:话剧的阳台独白并不是传统韵文,只不过是最简单的主谓宾三字短句,但是这样的选择似乎正符合this is not an act, this is truth, 试图用最简单的文字说最真实的想法和同时发生的最复杂的无数种感受。这个版本重视的确实不是华丽的文字本身(如同传统韵文版本的写法),而是文字里所看出的思考。对比Christian和Cyrano在谈论爱时的方式,就印证了之前Cyrano的那句:it is too easy to skim - don't you think love is an altogether deeper thing? 而当Roxane和Cyrano的谈话滑向除了I love you之外的话题就会被Christian催,以及战地一幕Roxane说信里讨论的除了爱情之外的话题会被Christian打断,也许可以说,不skim而真的get to the deeper thing, 实在是一件稀罕的事吧。
外表
Playhouse话剧从很多层面去展示了社会对外表的态度:Cyrano和Roxane的受限;他们的朋友对此的反应;稍远一点的熟人对此的想法;普遍观点。
Cyrano和Roxane事实上都是社会审美和凝视的受害者,只不过是在美丑光谱的两个端点。他们对此的体验在清晰程度上其实是可比的(Cyrano - I'm bored with the insults, Roxane - I'm bored with being loved),但是被孤立和被喜爱依然在他们身上造就了不同的性格。Cyrano沉默的自我封闭和厌恶,Roxane的近似自以为是和傲慢的不假思索,与他们一直受到的外界对待大约是有因果联系的。这也就使这个误会的悲剧更加深刻——Roxane是具有反抗外表评判的意识的,但她依旧不能完全跳出那个思维模式,加上身边环境的选择性的眼光和那些错过的机会,使她从来没有仔细审视过Cyrano。
Cyrano应对自己外表的方式似乎是一种自我保护机制,但显然不是一种万无一失的保护方案。也许在那样的环境下,他本就是没有机会吧。如同Ragueneau一开头所说:his nose is what defines him. 他的经历,性格,行为,都因为鼻子的存在而和其它普通人有了区分。
朋友主要是写le Bret,Cyrano的好朋友。至少le Bret是一个真实对他怀有同情的朋友,一开头就避而不谈鼻子以免触及朋友的弱点,谈及nose-job的无能为力语气,在二幕结尾别人的嘲笑中沉默,他是想要保护朋友的。但同时他仍然不能理解Cyrano看待事情的一些态度,无论是在接受赞助,好斗树敌,还是在试图劝Cyrano不要为外表所扰(girls get that shit - men don't need to be pretty, seeing men fight gets girls hot),无论这个观点是他真实相信,还是只是用来劝慰,这些理解上的偏差依然会让Cyrano感到遗憾吧,尤其是来自于最好的朋友。(更无根据的推测:Roxane认为Christian也爱她是因为朋友说——这种朋友私下的碎语多么真实啊,当有一个好看的男子似乎对朋友有意思的时候她们就会开始闲话,这也其实是带着对外貌的评价之后才产生的。也许朋友也能看出Cyrano的眼神,但是这种事情她们会选择告诉Roxane吗?大概不会——he's not desirable it won't be a cute match, let's just pass on him——)Ragueneau与Cyrano间比le Bret稍远,但她同样也还比较具有关切和保护的态度,尽管她似乎更多是做一个知情但不参与的旁观者。
其他Cyrano的泛泛之交,他的战友们,仅仅知道这条“不可以提及鼻子”的禁忌。至于原因,也许他们认为Cyrano就以此为羞辱吧,也许这就是为什么他们发现Christian活过一劫之后就肆无忌惮地把所有的羞辱都倒了出来。敬佩他的勇武,嘲笑他的缺陷,也许真是军队的普通操作。
其它的提及里值得一提的可能就是Christian一开头自我介绍的时候说I work out and I'm pretty fit里的自信,看起来就是一个因此受过好处的孩子——在后来所有人见他都会说good-looking boy的情况下,他这种自我认识确实也毫无问题。他的自信最终只有在说到students scary, 以及发现Roxane会因此拒绝他,尤其是感到自己被从这段恋爱中抹消了的时候,才消减了。
Double
Playhouse话剧似乎格外注重了谎言和显然,double的意象,这在Cyrano的终场诗里非常明显。如果带着挑谎言的挑刺态度去看前面二幕,当Cyrano说there is no lie in this letter和this is not an act的时候,就能觉出其中的自我矛盾了。最后一封信的内容也从传统版本的死前告别,而改成了在绝境的绝望中坦白,'which is very hard for a truthful person',这个版本算是让Cyrano背负欺骗的悔恨过了一辈子吧。(即使改了信的内容也完全起到了信的内容在十五年后依然契合这个死前坦白的局面呢。)
Double的意象以及Christian在战场死去也与原作有了一些改变。原作Christian几乎是出于一种公正的心态而自我牺牲地让出地方给Cyrano,而话剧显然找着机会想要更多地研究一下关系。因为我不擅长看人类关系就不多写了,依我拙见,剧本暗示了Christian跟Cyrano有很多时间是待在一起,研究写情诗的,Christian也早早承认过admiration,Cyrano那句I love you也许不是借口也有可能。不过还是觉得促使Christian说live as one和那个吻的,还是在于Cyrano是他想成为的样子,和他想接近的对象吧,to be one with him like flesh seeking soul. 在那个时刻,Christian也许意识到他不再存在在那个故事中了,如果还想进入叙事,就需要接近Cyrano并以此接近Roxane。Cyrano一以贯之地对任何表达亲密感情的接触都惊慌退缩,这是他自卑以及自我怀疑的效果了。 double终场诗确实也是概括了Cyrano一生最重要的几个方面吧:他的外表和他对此的态度,他的文字和自由,和他的爱情。然后把这包裹成一个酒吧的经典老笑话。
(当然1950电影安排的结局也有我很喜欢的两个地方:Roxane不得不体验两次爱人的死亡,而Cyrano最后站起来拔剑,似乎呼应着之前堂吉诃德和风车的比喻——在死亡面前仍要光荣地反抗,向群星而去。)
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